Separatism movement emerge in Papua because of Dutch Political ambition to retain control over Papua. But this did not automatically bring to an end the problem of Papuan separatism, for the problem has strong roots that can be traced back to the time when Indonesia was fighting to defend its independence from the Dutch. While there were a good number of Papuans who joined the struggle of Indonesia for independence at that time, the Dutch were also able to turn a small number of Papuan circles against Indonesia.